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Association between Subjective Sleep Quality, Hypertension, Depression and Body Mass Index in a Nigerian Family Practice Setting

Shittu RO*, Issa BA, Olanrewaju GT, Odeigah LO, Sule AG, Sanni MA, Aderibigbe SA, Uthman MB and Nyamngee AA

Objectives: Poor subjective sleep quality in primary care has not been widely studied in Nigeria; hence this study was aimed to evaluate the subjective sleep quality and to find the association with blood pressure, depression and body mass index.

Methodology: Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire was administered. Good sleep quality was defined as PSQI less than 5. The level of depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaires (PHQ–9).

Results: The sample consisted of 400 subjects in the age group 18-70years. The overall mean age did 48.0 + 13.2 years, with the age group 41-50years constitute 29.5% of the studied subjects. Whilst 240 (60%) had normal blood pressure, 29(7.5%) had stage 1 and 43 (10.8%) had stage 2 hypertension. One hundred and thirty eight (34.5%) had normal weight, while 108 (27.0%) were obese. Overall sleep quality was very good, fairly good, fairly bad, and very bad in, 30.8%, 33.2%, 19.5%, and 16.5% of the respondents respectively. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 44.0%. There was strong statistical association between poor sleep quality, blood pressure (p-value 0.002), depression (p-value 0.000) and body mass index (p-value 0.05).

Conclusion: A substantial proportion of the subjects had poor sleep quality associated with high blood pressure, increased body mass index and depression.