Jornal de Imunologia Clínica e Celular
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Educational Points for Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes and its Complications: A Systematic Review

Nasrin Samadi, Irandokht Allahyari, Vahid Zamanzadeh, Behrouz Dadkhah and Mohamad-Ali Mohammadi

Background/Objectives: Type 1 diabetes is perceived as a chronic immune-mediated disease with a subclinical prodromal period characterized by selective loss of insulin-producing cells in the pancreatic islets in genetically susceptible subjects. To systematically review the evidence for the prevention of type 1 diabetes and its complications by vitamin D and E supplementation, diet and exercise and educational interventions are required.
Methods: This was a systematic review –from 1996 to 2012-using Medline, EMBASE, CINHAL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and reference lists of retrieved articles. The main outcome measure was development of type 1 diabetes and controlled trials and observational studies that had assessed the effect of vitamin D and E supplementation on risk of developing type 1 diabetes, diet and exercise on prevention of complications were included in the analysis.
Results: 35 controlled trials and cohort studies and 7 systematic reviews that addressed education and prevention of type 1 diabetes and its complication were used. There was a suggestion that the timing of supplementations might be important for the subsequent development of type 1 diabetes. Also educational intervention for breast feeding, healthy diet and, controlled exercise can prevent type 1 diabetes and its complication.
Conclusions: With regard to the content above, educational intervention for diet, importance of breast feeding, obesity, exercise and role of vitamin E and D can prevent the incidence of type 1 diabetes or its complications in high risk clients and patients with type 1 diabetes. Therefore these factors should be considered in educational plan of clients with type 1 diabetes.