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Neurological Profiles Associated with Autism Spectrum Condition

Amanda Jodeh Sciara*

Autism is understood to be a neurodevelopmental condition presenting with social difficulties, communication problems and repetitive behaviors or interests. Much research is now available, as diagnosis rates have increased nearly 800% in just 20 years, leading to an abundance of research. Even so, findings seem contradictory and confusing. It’s hard to determine if anything of merit has yet been uncovered; autism therapy has shown subpar results and many autistic individuals struggle immensely when they reach adulthood and age out of services. Currently, autism is diagnosed by only behavioral criteria. If more was known about the neurodevelopmental trajectory of this condition, both diagnostic tests and therapy would be greatly improved.

This review analyzes existing research concerning the neurodevelopment of autistic individuals from infancy and genetic conditions that are known to be associated with autism. It found that there is not one autistic neurotype but four. Two profiles present with megalencephaly while another presents with microcephaly. The timing of the deviation from comparables and the specific brain structures which are affected are specific to each profile. The fourth profile appears to show no deviation from comparables. The results indicate that there is much that can and should change regarding autism treatment to ensure that each neurotype receives proper support.