Pediatria e Terapêutica
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Percutaneous Balloon Pulmonary Valvuloplasty

Osamah Aldoss and Daniel Gruenstein

Congenital pulmonary valve stenosis is a common congenital heart disease. Isolated pulmonary valve stenosis comprises 8-10% of all congenital heart disease. While surgical pulmonary valvotomy has been available as a treatment since 1956, it requires a median sternotomy, use of cardiopulmonary bypass, and post-surgical ICU admission with multi-day hospitalization. Recognizing the potential advantages of a less invasive approach, the first attempts at percutaneous catheter-based dilation of stenotic pulmonary valves were performed in the 1950s. As the technique was refined and catheter and balloon technology have advanced, the results of balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty have improved and the approach has become the standard of care for treating pulmonary valve stenosis. The purpose of this article is to discuss the anatomy and physiology of pulmonary valve stenosis, describe the techniques and current technology, and review the outcomes of balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty.