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Plasma Cell Leukemia Remains Like an Incurable Disease? A Rare Presentation of an Aggressive Case of Secondary Plasma Cell Leukemia

Alessandra Gabrielly Magalhães, James Chagas Almeida, RenataCordeiro de Araujo, Jaílson Ferreira Silva, Clésia Abreu Figueiredo Brandão, Paloma Lys de Medeiros, Jeymesson Raphael Cardoso Vieira, Isvania Maria Serafim da Silva and Luiz Arthur Calheiros Leite

Secondary plasma cell leukemia is an aggressive variant of multiple myeloma characterized by the presence of more than 2×109/L plasma cells on peripheral blood. We reported an unusual presentation of this entity. The diagnosis of secondary plasma cell leukemia was done by cytological and immunophenotypic characteristics of plasma cells. On the blood smear examination was visualized a high number of plasma cells (46.3×109/L) and plasmablastic cells. Conventional chemotherapy and bortezomib regime led to a complete remission, but the patient’s condition deteriorated very quickly and she died of sepsis. The prognosis of secondary plasma cell leukemia remains unfavorable and the early diagnosis needs to be done in order to provide a better choice of treatment and increase the survival of patients with plasma cell leukemia.