Jornal de Hematologia e Doenças Tromboembólicas
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Beta Thalassemia: Impact on Lipid Profile, Nitric Oxide, and Cardiovascular Health

Mohammad Uddin*, Azmal Khaleque

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of beta thalassemia on lipid profiles, nitric oxide levels, and cardiovascular health. Through comprehensive analysis, the study seeks to uncover the intricate relationships between these factors, contributing to a better understanding of the cardiovascular complications associated with beta thalassemia and providing insights for potential therapeutic strategies.

Objective: This study aims to explore the connection between beta thalassemia, lipid profiles, nitric oxide levels, and cardiovascular risk factors. The goal is to enhance understanding of the multifaceted mechanisms underlying cardiovascular complications in beta thalassemia patients undergoing chelation therapy.

Method: A cohort of thalassemia major patients (ages 1.5 to 30) undergoing chelation therapy was selected. Blood samples were collected, and serum was analyzed for lipid profiles, calcium, phosphorus, and NO levels. Detailed patient histories and treatment details were recorded. Commercial analytical kits were used for analyses, and statistical tests were performed to compare results.

Results and discussion: In thalassemia major patients, altered lipid profiles were observed, characterized by decreased Total Cholesterol (TC), High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDLC), and Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels. However, Triglyceride (TG) levels showed discrepancies. Iron overload, ineffective erythropoiesis, accelerated erythropoiesis, liver damage, reduced enzyme activity, and hormonal imbalances contributed to these lipid abnormalities.

Conclusion: Beta thalassemia patients face altered lipid profiles and reduced NO levels, elevating their risk of coronary complications. Iron overload-induced oxidative stress is a key contributor. Early initiation of iron chelation and antioxidants is crucial. Comprehensive cardiovascular risk assessment in these patients is essential to mitigate potential coronary issues, improving their overall well-being and quality of life. This review sheds light on the intricate links among beta thalassemia, lipid profiles, NO levels, and cardiovascular health, emphasizing the need for multifaceted interventions.