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Characterization of L. reuteri NCIMB 701359 Probiotic Features for Potential Use as a Colorectal Cancer Biotherapeutic by Identifying Fatty Acid Profile and Anti-Proliferative Action against Colorectal Cancer Cells

Imen Kahouli, Nadia R Handiri, Meenakshi Malhotra, Anis Riahi, Moulay Alaoui-Jamali and Satya Prakash

Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third cause of cancer deaths worldwide, presents a condition with preventable aspects related to diet, lifestyle, and, in particular host gut microflora. Probiotic regimens have been proposed to diminish CRC risk and complications. Among L. reuteri strains previously screened some are still in need for further characterization to understand the connection between the probiotic metabolic activity and the potential anti-cancer features. Here, L. reuteri NCIMB 701359 was characterized for growth and fatty acid profile. The apoptotic and antiproliferative capacities of the bacterial extracts (supernatant and conditioned medium) against cCRC cells have been assessed. To investigate a potential anti-cancer activity, the effect of L. reuteri on the proliferation of Caco-2 CRC cells compared with CRL-1831 normal coloretcal cells was analyzed. Later, short chain fatty acids that L. reuteri produced, were measured and the inhibitory action of short chain fatty acids against Caco-2 cells was investigated using short chain fatty acid synthetic formulations. Results revealed a significantly higher fatty acid production for L. reuteri during growth compared with other Lactobacilli. Also, both L. reuteri extracts, especially the conditioned cell culture medium, exhibited significant inhibitory effects against SW-480 cancerous cells and induced apoptosis. L. reuteri suppressed Caco-2 (cancer) but not CRL-1831 (non-neoplastic). Caco-2 inhibition strongly correlated with the concentration of bacterial short chain fatty acids and was confirmed to be partially but not totally because of short chain fatty acid production. This suggests the potential of L. reuteri NCIMB 701359 in suppressing colorectal cancer cell growth and survival, which may assist in the formulation of probiotic-based interventions to limit colorectal cancer development.