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Group A Streptococcal Infection Potentially Triggering Kawasaki Disease in a Two-Year-Old African American Female

Katherine Bohn, Madison Capotosti, Hanna S Sahhar

Kawasaki disease (KD) is defined as a multi-system, medium-sized vessel vacuities that can lead to myocardial ischemia, infarction, and death. Knowledge of this syndrome’s presentation and pathophysiology is evolving as more cases are reported. This case identifies a two-year-old African American female that was diagnosed with KD and a preceding Group A Streptococcal (GAS) infection. KD may manifest after a variety of infectious etiologies and can present in a manner similar to Scarlet Fever or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). Streptococcal pharyngitis is rare in children under three years of age, but the preceding infection in this patient was suggested by associated symptoms and an elevated antistreptolysin O titer upon hospital admission. We document this case to contribute to understanding of infectious etiologies of KD and the importance of early diagnosis of GAS infections and KD and the early use of penicillin and intravenous immunoglobulin with high-dose acetylsalicylic acid.