Jornal de Distúrbios do Sono e Terapia
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The Relationship between Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Acute Coronary Syndrome

Ricardo Fonseca Oliveira Suruagy Motta*, Laila Leite Pacheco Vieira, Maria Eduarda da Silva Valença Milones, André Lucas Dias Nascimento, Beatriz Oliveira Freire Gaia, Laércio Pol Fachin, Kelly Cristina Lira de Andrade, Morgana Fon Alves

Introduction: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is one of the most prevalent cardiovascular diseases in society, being characterized by myocardial ischemia or necrosis. Among the main risk factors for this pathology are sleep disorders, the most common being Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), responsible for the obstruction of the airways. This blockage of respiratory flow can impair the functioning of the cardiometabolic system, leading to several cardiovascular events.

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to relate Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) to Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS).

Methodologies: Systematic and integrative review of the literature in the MEDLINE (via PubMed) and SCIELO databases, with the search strategy “Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) and sleep” in PubMed and sleep-disordered breathing (distúrbios respiratórios do sono) and acute coronary syndrome (síndrome coronariana aguda) in SCIELO, with the descriptors verified in Decs. Papers in all languages and papers without locality restriction were used as inclusion criteria. As exclusion criteria, papers that addressed Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) as a consequence of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), papers that exclusively addressed hypopnea and COVID-19, papers that related sleep-disordered breathing with pathologies not related to the cardiovascular system. The selection steps were reading titles, abstracts, and papers.

Results: A total of 157 results were found, 153 in medline (via PubMed) and 4 in SCIELO, of which 107 were eliminated by reading the titles, leaving 50. Subsequently, 34 were chosen by reading the abstracts. Then, 15 were eliminated through full reading, leaving 19 as the basis for this review.

Conclusion: There is a proven relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and a risk factor for Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS).