Cardiologia Clínica e Experimental
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The Promising Approach of Coronary Sinus Reducer in Patients with Refractory Angina

Mahmoud Gamal, Yousef Mohsen, Khalid Ghallab, Ayman Helal

Our systematic review aimed to investigate the theories and studies which evaluate the effectiveness of coronary sinus reducer “CSR” in patients with refractory angina. Chronic refractory angina is also a condition primarily due to severe coronary artery obstruction which is not properly controlled and is not subject to percutaneous or surgical revascularization by appropriate care. The coronary sinus reducer “CSR” has emerged as a therapeutic novel which is a strategy for patients with refractory angina. The CSR is a stainless steel, ballon expanding, hourglass shaping tool percutaneously inserted though right internal jugular vein in the coronary sinus. Upon implantation, it produces a regular lumen narrowing that enhances blood flow from coronary venous pressure to an ischemic myocardial layer by redistributing blood from subepicardial myocardium.